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Confidence in a synonymy relation

Confidence in a relation is represented as a symbol imposed on the box indicating the name considered valid.


The lack of a symbol is used if the author indicated no degree of confidence.
Full confidence in relation is indicated by an asterisk (*).
Probability is indicated by the character p, and possibility by a question mark (?)
A plus sign (+) following the symbol a higher value, and a minus sign (-) indicates a lower value.
Symbols for levels of confidence are rendered in parentheses if inferred from a statement by the author and without parentheses if explicitly stated by the author



A) a questionable synonymy for Cerianthus vermicularis (E. Forbes)
B) a questionable synonymy for Cerianthus lloydii Gosse, 1859.
Both relations should be read: Gosse (1860) indicated the possible synonymy of Cerianthus vermicularis (Forbes in Johnston, 1847) with Cerianthus lloydii Gosse, 1859. In B, the name Cerianthus vermicularis (E. Forbes) Gosse, 1860, is imposed on white; this name is not part of the synonymy of C. lloydii, but is listed in Syngraph because the name C. lloydii has questionably been applied to C. vermicularis. Note that the line for Cerianthus vermicularis (E. Forbes) Gosse, 1860, contains two question marks that should not be confounded: that after the name vermicularis was introduced by the authority in the cited publication to signify the authority’s uncertainty about the name, whereas that on the box of the lead line is the convention in Syngraph for such uncertainty (which is not as obvious in some citations as it is in this one).

How to add/change the confidence degree of a relation

This file was last updated on 6Oct2009

This application was developed by Adorian Ardelean
© Daphne G. Fautin. All rights reserved.